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1 εἰλύω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `wind around, envelop, cover' (Il.)Other forms: (Arat. 432; καταείλυον v. l. Ψ 135 for - νυον, - νυσαν), perf. med. εἴλῡμαι, fut. κὰδ δέ... \/ εἰλύσω Φ 319, aor. κατ-ειλύσαντε (A. R. 3, 206); εἰλύομαι `wind itself and curl, sneak forward' (S. Ph. 291 and 702, `swarm' (Com.), aor. pass. ἐλύσθη `rolled', ἐλυσθείς, Theoc. 25, 246 therefor εἰλυθείς; A. R. 3, 296 εἰλυμένος).Compounds: Some prefixed compounds: κατ-ειλύω (Hdt.), δι-ειλυσθεῖσα `sneaking through' (A. R. 4, 35), ἐξ-ειλυσθέντες (Theoc. 24, 17), συν-ειλύω (EM 333, 42).Derivatives: From ἐλῠ-: ἔλῠ-τρον `envelop, shell, container' (Ion.-Att.) with ἐλυτρόομαι (Hp.); ἔλῡμα `plough-beam' (Hes., length sec., s. below), in H. also = νύσσα (`turning point in a career') καὶ τὸ ἱμάτιον, cf. εἴλυμα; ἔλῠμος a Phrygian pipe (S., Com.), in H. also `envelop'; ἔλυστα ἄμπελος μέλαινα H. (- σ- as in ἐλύσθη, s. below); deverbative ἐλύσσει εἰλεῖται H. - From εἰλῡ-: εἴλῡμα `envelop' (ζ 179 etc., cf. ἔλυμα); εἰλυθμός `hiding-place, hole' (Nic.), ap. H. = ἕλκος, τρόμος (to εἰλύομαι); εἰλυός = εἰλεός s. v.; εἴλυσις `sneaking forward' (sch. on εἰλύομαι); εἰλύτας, ἐλλύτας name of a cake' (inscr., H., ἐλύτης gramm.; s. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 171f.); deverbat. εἰλύσσεται εἰλεῖται H. (cf. ἐλύσσει) with εἰλυστήριον (gloss.). - From ἀλῠ- (zero grade): ἅλυσις, ἀλύτας, s. vv. - S. also πέλλυτρον and γολύριον.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1140] *u̯el-u- `envelop, cover'Etymology: The gloss γέλουτρον ἔλυτρον, ἤγουν λέπυρον H. gives PGr. Ϝέλυ-τρον, identical with Skt. varu-tra- n. `Obergewand' (gramm.). εἰλύω can be from PGr. *Ϝελ-ν-ύ-ω and agree with Skt. vr̥ṇóti `envelop, cover' (IE *u̯l̥-ne-u-ti); but the Greek word is late and rare which makes the identification less probable, s. below. Disyllabic Ϝελυ- in (Ϝ)ελύ-σ-θη etc. (with analogical - σ-; Schwyzer 761) also in Arm. gelu-m `turn' (formation not certain) and in Lat. volvō; an iterative formation of it is Goth. walwjan, OE wealwian `revolve (onself)'. Note (Ϝ)έλῡ-μα with the same sec. long vowel as Lat. volūmen; further Arm. gelumn `turning'. - In the Greek system the perfect εἴλῡμαι \< *Ϝέ-Ϝλῡ-μαι (with long vowel; Ϝ- uncertain s. Chantr. Gramm. hom. 1, 131 and Schwyzer 649e) was important; both in (late) εἰλῦσαι and εἰλυσθείς and in the many nouns in εἰλῡ- it was decisive. - Ample discussion (partly diff.) in Solmsen Unt. 232ff.Page in Frisk: 1,461-462Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > εἰλύω
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2 κικίβαλος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `kind of shell-fish'Other forms: reading uncertain: κικοβαυλιτιδες κογχυλίου τι γένος μέλαν καὶ τὰ ἐκ στέατος σκωλήκια H.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Pre-Greek. Does the form point to kikVbalʷ-it-? the V may have been a (which became ο before b).Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κικίβαλος
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3 λέπω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `peel (off)' (Il.)Other forms: aor. λέψαι, fut. λέψω (Il.), perf. midd. ἀπο-λέλεμμαι (Epich.), aor. pass. ἀπελέπη ἀπελεπίσθη H.; also with ablaut λέλαμμαι (Att. inscr. around 330a), ἐκ-λαπῆναι (Ar. Fr. 164),Dialectal forms: Myc. repoto \/leptos\/.Derivatives: Many derivv. A. With ε-grade (from the present): 1. λεπτός (cf. στρεπ-τός a.o. in Ammann Μνήμης χάριν 1,17) `peeled' = `unveiled' (Υ 497), `thin, meager, weak, fine, delicate' (Il., often as 1. member. Poet. lengthened λεπτ-αλέος `weak, fine' (Il.; Chantraine Form. 255), λεπτ-ακινός'id.' (AP; from *λέπταξ ?, Bechtel Lex. s. φυζακινός); further λεπτίον `beaker' (pap.) from λεπτόν (sc. κεράμιον) `thin earthenware' (pap.), λεπτάγιον kind of vase? ( PHib. 1, 47, 13; IIIa; acc. to the edd. perh. = λεπτόγειον `barren land'), λεπτάριον name of a medic. instrument (Herm. 38, 282); λεπτίτιδες κριθαί kind of barley (Gp.; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 113); λεπτότης f. `thinness, leanness etc.' (IA.), λεπτοσύνη `id.' (AP); λεπτύνω, - ομαι `make thin etc. resp. become' (Hp., X., Arist.) with λεπτυσμός, λέπτυνσις (Hp.), - υντικός (Dsc., Gal.). - 2. λεπρός `scaly, with eruption, uneven, raw' (Hp., Hippon., hell.), f. λεπράς (Theoc., Opp.); λέπρα, ion. - ρη `efflorescence, leprosy' (Ion., Arist., hell.), both prob. first from an ρ-stem (cf. Schwyzer 481); with λεπρώδης `with unevennesses, leprous' (Ael., Dsc., medic.), λεπρικός `regarding efflorescence' (Dsc., pap.); denomin. verbs λεπράω `become scaly, efflorescent' (Ion.), also λεπρ-ιάω (Dsc.; after the verbs of disease in - ιάω); λεπρόομαι `become efflorescent' (LXX, pap.) with λέπρωσις = λέπρα (Tz.), λεπρύνομαι `besome scaly, uneven' (Nic.). - 3. λέπος n. (Alex., Nic., Luc.) with λέπιον (Hp.), usu. λεπίς, - ίδος f. (Ion. hell.) `scale, shell, pod, metal plate' with dimin. λεπίδιον (Hero), also as plant-name `pepperwort' (Dsc., Gal., Ath.; as remedy against efflorescence), λεπιδίσκη `id.' (Imbros IIa); further λεπιδ-ωτός `scaly' (Hdt., Arist.), with λεπιδόομαι `become scaly' (Hp.); other denomin.: λεπίζω (: λέπος or λεπίς) `remove the scale etc., peel off' (hell.) with λέπισμα `scale' (LXX, Dsc., Gal.); ἐλέπουν οἷον ἐλέπιζον. H. (: λεπόω, - έω); note λέπασμα `pod, skin' (sch. Nic. Th. 184); rather lengthened from λέπος as from *λεπάζω. - 4. On λεπάς, λέπας s. v. - 5. λέπῡρον `scale, pod' (LXX, Batr.) with λεπυρώδης `like scales' (Thphr.); λεπύρ-ιον `id.' (Hp., Arist., Theoc.), - ιώδης `like scales, consisting of...' (Arist., Thphr.), λεπυρίζομαι `be enveloped by a scale' (sch.), λεπυριῶσαι ἐξαχυριῶσαι H.; besides λεπῠρός `in a scale' (Nic.); on the υ-stem beside λέπρ-α, λέπος cf. e. g. αἶσχος. On itself stands λεπύχανον `coat (of an onion), fruit-schale' (Theopomp. Com., Plu., Dsc.), prob. popular cross with λάχανον, s. Strömberg Wortstudien 52. - B. With ο-grade. 6. λοπός m. `scale, rind' (τ 233, Hp.) with λόπιμος `easy to peel off', (Nic., Gal.), λόπιμα κάστανα... H.; Arbenz Adj. auf - ιμος 101; dimin. λοπάς f. `dish', also name of a crustacean and a plant-disease (com., Thphr., Luc.), with λοπάδ-ιον (com., pap.), - ίσκος (sch.); λοπίς `scale, dish etc.' (Ar., inscr.) with λοπίδιον (Delos); denomin. λοπάω `scale off, let the bark peel off' (Thphr.) with λοπητός m. `time to be peeled off' (Thphr.), λοπίζω `be peeled off' (Thphr., pap.). -7. On ἔλλοψ s. v. - C. With lengthened grade s. λώπη `pod, coat' (Od., Theoc., A. R.), λῶπος m. `id.' (Alc. [?], Hippon., Anacr., Herod.); as 1. member in λωπο-δύ-της m. "who travels in (foreign) clothes", `thief of clothes' with λωποδυτ-έω etc. (Att.); suffixless form λώψ χλαμύς H.; cf. Schwyzer 515, Chantraine Form. 424. Dimin. λώπιον (Arist., inscr.); denomin. ἀπο-, περι-λωπίζω `undress, put off' (S., Hyp.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: The primary thematic present λέπω, from which all verbal forms were derived ( λέλαμμαι, - λαπῆναι innovations after ἔστραμμαι, στραφῆναι etc.), has no direct agreements outside Greek. There are a few nominal formations, which resemble the Greek forms: Lith. lãpas `leaf', Alb. lapë `rag, leaf, peritoneum' (: λοπός), Lith. lõpas `rag, piece' (: λῶπος; also OE lōf m. `band of the forehead'??, Holthausen IF 32, 340), with Russ. lápotь `shoe of bark' (lapotók `rag, piece'); quite doubtful OE leber, læfer f. `rush, cane, metal plate' (: λέπρα?; Holthausen IF 48, 255). With λέπος one compared also Lat. s-stem lepōs `fine-ness, delicacy', and the Slav. extension in Russ. lépest `rag, piece, leaf of a flower'. Given the productivity of these formations and the varying meanings we may have parallel creations. - Further, partly very doubtful and debated forms in WP. 2, 429f., Pok. 678, W.-Hofmann s. lepidus, Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. lãpas, lõpas, also lèpti `be coddled', Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. lépest, lápotь, lópotõk; with rich lit. - We can safely conclude that the verb is not IE: there is hardly a formal agreement, nor does the meaning agree well. So the verb will be Pre-Greek. Note the forms λεπάγιον, λεπακινός, λέπασμα, λέπυρον, λεπύχανον, λέπρα, λώψ, λῶπος etc. The verb may be compared with ὀλόπτω and ὀλούφω, which would also point to a non-IE word.Page in Frisk: 2,105-107Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λέπω
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4 λοβός
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `lobe, lap, slip' as appellation of several lap- or sliplike parts of body or plant, esp. `lobe of the ear' (Ξ 182), also `lobe of liver' (Hp., A., E., Pl.), `of the lung' (medic.) etc.; `lap, Blättchen des Fliederblattes' (Thphr.), `capsula with seeds, (hanging down) pods of siliquosae- and leguminous plants' ans these themselves, `pod, seed-lobe, fruit-lobe in gen.' (Thphr., Dsc., Gal.). Details in Strömberg Eranos 40, 90ff.; he wants to explain the meaning `pod, case' through popular association with λοπός `shell, bark, scale', which is superfluous with the development of meanings scetched above. Demin. λόβιον (Gal., Dsc.).Compounds: Often as 2. member, e.g. πρό-λοβος m. `crop of birds, Adam's apple' (Arist., LXX), but προ-λόβιον `the front part of the lobe of the ear' (Poll., H.); ἔλ-λοβος `in a pod, with pod' (Thphr.; lengthened ἐλλοβ-ώδης `id.'; cf. Strömberg Theophrastea 164), but ἐλ-λόβιον `ear-ring' (Luc., S.E.); ἀντι-λόβιον, - βίς `part of the ear-lobe opposite to the προλόβιον' (medic.); ἐπιλοβίς μέρος τοῦ ἥπατος H.; as adj. in ἡ ἐπιλοβὶς γλῶσσα `lobe of the liver' (of soothsayers, PAmh. 2, 14, 21; III--IVp); as building term καταλοβεύς m. `uppercornice, cross-beam' (Epid., Hierapytna); ὀξυλοβ-έω ' τὸ ταχέως ἀκούω' (Suid.), from *ὀξύ-λοβος, s. Strömberg l.c.Derivatives: Dimin. λόβιον (Gal, Dsc.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Etymology unknown. Semantically attractive is the connection with NHG Lappen a. cognates., e.g. OE læppa m. `tip, lap', ēar-læppa `ear-lobe', also without expressive gemination as WNo. lapa `hang slack', MLG ōr-lepel `ear-lobe'. Further with deviating ă-vowel Lat. lăbāre `totter, give way' beside long vowel in lābor, lābī `glide'; with initial sl- e.g. MLG slap 'sleck', Lith. slãbnas, OCS slabъ `slack'; extensively on these WP. 2, 431 f., W.- Hofmann s. labō; also Pok. 655 f.; Fraenkel Wb. s. slãbnas, Vasmer Wb. s. slábyj. The IE b may, like the varying vocalisation, be connected with the popular-expressive character of these words. - Connection with Lat. legūmen `leguminous plant etc.' (Fick, Prellwitz) would presuppose IE * legʷ-, which would be more attractive; the Lat. word, however, has also been interpreted differently, s. W.-Hofmann s. v. - Beside λοβός there seems to have been a form *λέβος, s. 1. λεβηρίς (?). If this is correct - but it is rather unreliable - the word may be Pre-Greek; the cited IE forms rather point to a European substratum word.Page in Frisk: 2,131-132Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λοβός
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5 ξίφος
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `sword with straight double-edged balde' (Il.; see Trümpy Fachausdrücke 60ff.); metaph. of the ξίφος- like bone of the cuttle-fish (Arist.), as plantname = ξιφίον (Thphr.); also σκίφος (sch., EM, H.); on the anlaut Schwyzer 266, Heubeck Würzb. Jb. 4, 201. Myk. qi-si-pe-e (du., Heubeck Minos 6, 55f.)?Compounds: As 1. member a.o. in ξιφη-φόρος `sword-bearing' (A., E.) with analog. - η- (Schwyzer 440); on σκιφα-τόμος s. below. As 2. member in ἄ-ξιφος `swordess' (Lyc., A. D.), adv. ἀξιφ-εί (Hdn.).Derivatives: 1. ξιφίδιον dimin. (Ar., Th.), also plantname = σπαργάνιον, `swodgrass' (Ps.-Dsc.; Strömberg Pfl.n. 44); 2. ξιφύδριον ( σκιφ- Epich.) name of a shell-animal (medic., H.). 3. ξιφίας ( σκιφ- Epich.) m. `swordfish' (Arist.), also name of a comet (Plin.; Scherer Gestirnnamen 107 ff.); 4. ξιφίον n. kind of swordlily, `Gladiolus segetum' (Thphr., Dsc.); 5. ξιφή-ρης `heavily armed' (E., late prose). 6. ξιφήν ὁ φέρων ξίφος Suid. 7. ξιφίνδα παίζειν = ξιφίζειν (Theognost.). 8. ξιφίζω dance a swoddance' (Cratin.), ἀποξιφίζειν ὀρχεῖσθαι ποιὰν ὄρχησιν, σκιφίζει ξιφίζει. ἔστι δε σχῆμα μαχαιρικῆς ὀρχήσεως H. From there ξιφ-ισμός (Ath., D. C.), - ισμα (Choerob., H.) `sworddance', ξιφιστύς μαχαιρομαχία, μάχη ἐκ χειρῶν H. (Benveniste Noms d'agent 74); but ξιφιστήρ m. (pap., Plu.). - ιστής H. `swordbelt' because of the meaning rather directly from ξίφος; cf. on κορυφιστήρ s. κορυφή. With prefix δια-ξιφίζομαι `fight with the sword' (Ar.), διαξιφισ-μός m. `swordbattle' (Plu.). -- Two further H.glosses: ξίφαι τὰ ἐν ταῖς ῥυκάναις δρέπανα η σιδήρια and (wit metathesis) σκιφίνιον πλέγμα ἐκ φοίνικος (after κοφίνιον a. o.); here also σκιφα-τόμος profession (Sparta Ia) ?; cf. on κίφος.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Etymology unknown; like so many weaponnnames prob. LW [loanword]. For oriental origin (Aram. sajǝfā, ārab. saifun, Egypt.. sēfet `sword') a.o. Lewy Fremdw. 176 f., Spiegelberg KZ 41, 127ff., Huber Comm. Aenip. 9, 34, Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 2, 362 f. Wrong IE etymologies in Bq (rejected). New hypothesis by Čop KZ 74, 231 f.: to Osset. äxsirf `sickle', which can go back on IE *ksibhró-. Myc. qisipee points to a labio-velar (possible also for äxsirf), which could have been lost through dissimilation with the following φ; s. Heubeck Minos 6, 55 ff. with further details and lit. On the treatment of the labio-velar cf. also Schwyzer 299. The Myc. form clearly points to Pre-Greek origin; perhaps the forms with σκιφ- also point in this direction. It is well known that Pre-Greek had labio-velars (Beekes, Pre-Greek).Page in Frisk: 2,Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ξίφος
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